_edited.png)
ACCREDITATIONS
Clients
.webp)
.webp)
RESULTS-ORITNTED Training Description
Course Duration
3 Days
Training Delivery Method
Classroom (Instructor-Led) or Online (Instructor-Led)
Instructors Languages
English / Arabic / Urdu / Hindi / Pashto
Certification Provider
Tamkene Saudi Training Center - Approved by TVTC (Technical and Vocational Training Corporation)
Certificate Validity
2 Years (Extendable with additional training hours)
Course Average Passing Rate
97%
Competency Assessment Criteria
Practical Assessment and Knowledge Assessment
Post Training Reporting
Post Training Report + Candidate(s) Training Evaluation Forms
Training Design Methodology
ADDIE Training Design Methodology
Certificate of Successful Completion
Certification is provided upon successful completion. The certificate can be verified through a QR-Code system.
Course Overview
The Permit to Work — PTW — system is the primary administrative control that authorizes high-risk, non-routine work in industrial, construction, oil and gas, and facility management environments. Its effectiveness depends entirely on the competency of the Permit Issuer — the individual who receives a work request, verifies site conditions, confirms all hazards are controlled, authorizes the work to begin, monitors compliance during execution, and formally closes the permit at completion. When the Issuer lacks the technical depth to recognize an incomplete isolation, identify a conflicting concurrent permit, or detect an atmospheric testing gap, the permit becomes a signature on a piece of paper rather than a verified safe system of work.
This training course develops the comprehensive competency required of authorized Internal Permit Issuers responsible for reviewing, approving, monitoring, suspending, and closing Permit to Work documents across all high-risk work categories. The course is aligned with ISO 45001:2018: Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems — Clause 8.1, which requires organizations to establish and maintain processes for the elimination of hazards and reduction of occupational health and safety risks — and OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147: Control of Hazardous Energy — Lockout/Tagout, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146: Permit-Required Confined Spaces, and OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119: Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals. UK regulatory requirements follow HSG250: Guidance on Permit-to-Work Systems from the Health and Safety Executive. Risk assessment methodology integrates Job Safety Analysis — JSA, Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control — HIRARC, and Root Cause Analysis — RCA throughout. Quality management requirements follow ISO 9001: Quality Management Systems.
Key Learning Objectives
Apply the legal basis for PTW systems under ISO 45001:2018 Clause 8.1, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147, and HSG250
Define the Internal Issuer role, authority, and accountability within the PTW system
Review and approve Hot Work, Cold Work, Confined Space Entry, Electrical Isolation, and Excavation permits
Verify energy isolation completeness per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 before authorizing work
Apply JSA and HIRARC to pre-permit hazard assessment for all permit types
Identify and manage simultaneous operations — SIMOPS — and conflicting permit risks
Conduct permit monitoring site visits and apply the permit suspension and cancellation authority
Apply atmospheric testing requirements for confined space and hot work permits
Close permits correctly and maintain PTW documentation per ISO 9001
Apply RCA to PTW failures, near misses, and permit deviations
Course Outline
Day 1 — PTW System Framework, Roles, and Permit Types
1. Introduction to the Permit to Work System
1.1 Regulatory Framework
PTW as the primary administrative control for high-risk non-routine work per ISO 45001:2018 Clause 8.1
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147: Control of Hazardous Energy — written energy control procedures as a mandatory PTW input
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146: Permit-Required Confined Spaces — written entry permit required before entry
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119: Process Safety Management — PTW as a required safe work practice element
HSG250: Guidance on Permit-to-Work Systems — the UK HSE framework for PTW system design and issuer competency
PTW is an administrative control — it supplements, not replaces, engineering controls and isolation
1.2 PTW Roles and Responsibilities
Permit Originator — initiates the work request and defines scope, location, and duration
Internal Permit Issuer — reviews, approves, monitors, suspends, and closes the permit
Performing Authority — the person who receives the permit and is responsible for safe execution
Site Checker — physically verifies site conditions against permit requirements before work starts
Area Authority — responsible for the area where work is performed and concurrent operations
HSE Officer — independent oversight role for high-risk permit categories
The Issuer's authority to refuse or cancel a permit overrides all production pressure
2. Permit Types and Their Requirements
2.1 Hot Work Permit
Hot Work definition — any work producing heat, sparks, or flame including welding, grinding, and cutting
Fire and explosion risk assessment before issuing a Hot Work permit
Atmospheric testing requirement — LEL below 10% before hot work commences in or near flammable areas
Fire watch requirements — trained fire watch stationed during all hot work and for minimum 30 minutes after
Flammable material clearance radius — typically 11 metres from the hot work point
Hot work permit validity — typically limited to one shift with re-assessment required for extension
2.2 Confined Space Entry Permit
Confined space definition per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 — large enough to enter, limited entry and exit, not designed for continuous occupancy
Permit-required confined space — contains or has potential to contain a serious safety or health hazard
Atmospheric testing sequence — oxygen, flammable gas, and toxic gas before entry and continuously during
Acceptable atmospheric conditions — O₂ 19.5–23.5%, LEL below 10%, and toxic gases below OEL
Attendant requirements — dedicated attendant at the entry point at all times during occupancy
Rescue plan requirement — rescue team briefed and equipped before entry permit is issued
Energy isolation and purge verification before issuing the confined space entry permit
2.3 Electrical Isolation, Cold Work, and Excavation Permits
Electrical Isolation Permit — authorizes de-energization, LOTO, and verified absence of voltage before work
Cold Work Permit — authorizes non-ignition-source work in non-hazardous or confirmed safe areas
Excavation Permit — authorizes ground-breaking activities after underground service survey and gas testing
Working at Height Permit — authorizes elevated work above the organization's threshold height
Radiography Permit — authorizes ionizing radiation work with exclusion zone and dose monitoring controls
Permit selection — the Issuer determines which permit type or combination applies to the planned work
Day 2 — Issuer Competency, Hazard Assessment, and SIMOPS
3. Pre-Permit Hazard Assessment
3.1 Job Safety Analysis
Job Safety Analysis — JSA — breaking the task into steps, identifying hazards at each step, and defining controls
JSA review by the Issuer — verifying that all hazards identified in the JSA are reflected in permit conditions
JSA inadequacy — the Issuer must return an incomplete JSA to the Originator for revision before approving
Dynamic risk assessment — re-assessing when site conditions change during the permitted work period
3.2 HIRARC Application
Applying HIRARC — Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control — to every permit review
Hazard identification — physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and energy hazards for the specific task
Risk rating — severity and likelihood matrix to prioritize controls
Control verification — confirming each control measure is in place before signing the permit
Residual risk — confirming residual risk is acceptable before authorizing work to proceed
4. Energy Isolation and Verification
Energy isolation scope per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 — all energy sources including electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, and gravity
Isolation point identification — reviewing the P&ID or single-line diagram to confirm all sources are identified
LOTO application sequence — de-energize, isolate, lock, tag, try, and verify
Group LOTO — lock box management for multi-craft or multi-shift isolation
Blinding and blanking — physical isolation for process pipework before confined space entry or hot work
Issuer site verification — physically confirming isolation is complete before signing the permit
Test before touch — mandatory voltage verification with a rated voltage tester before electrical work
Stored energy release — discharging capacitors, relieving pressure, and draining fluids before access
5. Atmospheric Testing and Environmental Conditions
Gas detector types — catalytic bead LEL detector, electrochemical oxygen sensor, and photoionization — PID — detector for VOCs
Calibration of gas detectors before each use — bump test verification of alarm response
Multi-gas meter use — simultaneous O₂, LEL, CO, and H₂S measurement for confined space assessment
Testing sequence — oxygen first, then flammable gas, then toxic gases
Testing locations — top, middle, and bottom of the confined space to detect stratification
Continuous monitoring during confined space work — alarm set points and evacuation trigger levels
Hot work atmospheric re-testing — required after any break in work or change in site conditions
Environmental conditions assessment — wind direction, temperature, and adjacent process activities
6. Simultaneous Operations — SIMOPS — Management
SIMOPS definition — concurrent work activities that could interact to create a combined hazard
Conflict identification — reviewing all active permits in the same area before issuing a new permit
Typical SIMOPS conflicts — hot work near a confined space entry, lifting over an active work area, and excavation near energized cables
SIMOPS controls — physical separation, sequential scheduling, communication protocol, and additional monitoring
Area Authority coordination — the Issuer must notify the Area Authority of all concurrent permits
Active permit board management — maintaining a visual display of all live permits by area
SIMOPS risk assessment — reassessing when a new permit is added to an area with active permits
Day 3 — Permit Monitoring, Closure, HSE, and Case Studies
7. Permit Monitoring, Suspension, and Cancellation
7.1 Active Permit Monitoring
Issuer site monitoring visits — unannounced checks during the permit period to verify compliance
Monitoring checklist — verifying PPE compliance, exclusion zones, atmospheric readings, and scope adherence
Scope creep identification — stopping work that has extended beyond the authorized scope
Work stoppage authority — the Issuer has unconditional authority to suspend any permit at any time
7.2 Permit Suspension and Cancellation
Permit suspension triggers — changed site conditions, atmospheric alarm, adjacent incident, or PPE non-compliance
Suspension procedure — notify the Performing Authority, secure the work area, and re-assess before resuming
Permit cancellation — permanent termination when the hazard cannot be controlled or scope has changed
Re-issue requirement — a new permit is required after cancellation, not a reactivation of the cancelled permit
Permit extension — requires Issuer re-assessment and re-signature, not automatic continuation
8. Permit Closure and Handback
Work completion confirmation — Performing Authority certifies all work is complete and the area is clear
Site reinstatement check — the Issuer verifies the site is returned to a clean, safe, and operational condition
Isolation removal sequence — LOTO removal in reverse sequence under Issuer oversight
Re-energization authorization — Issuer confirms all personnel are clear before authorizing re-energization
Permit closure signature — both Issuer and Performing Authority sign to formally close the permit
Closed permit archiving — retaining closed permits per ISO 9001 and regulatory record retention requirements
Handback to operations — formal notification to the Area Authority that the plant is returned to operational control
9. HSE and Quality Management Integration
PTW as a documented process per ISO 45001:2018 Clause 8.1 — auditable, version-controlled, and reviewed
PTW system audit — internal audit of permit compliance, closure quality, and Issuer competency records
Nonconformance management per ISO 9001 Clause 10.2 — raising NCRs for permit deviations and near misses
PTW KPIs as leading safety indicators — open permit count, overdue closures, and permit deviation rate
Issuer authorization records per ISO 9001 — authorization date, scope, renewal date, and refresher requirement
Applying PDCA — Plan-Do-Check-Act to continuously improve the PTW system
10. Case Studies and Group Discussions
Case studies from PTW failures in Middle East oil and gas, petrochemical, and construction environments including (confined space fatality from incomplete atmospheric testing, hot work explosion from unidentified flammable gas source, and LOTO failure from multi-energy source not captured in the isolation scheme) and the importance of proper Internal Issuer training in preventing permit system failures
Group discussion on PTW challenges in regional environments including (managing SIMOPS during large-scale GCC petrochemical turnarounds, maintaining permit quality under production pressure, and enforcing permit conditions across multilingual contractor workforces)
Integrated permit exercise — teams review a presented high-risk work scenario, conduct a JSA and HIRARC, complete a full permit for the applicable type, identify SIMOPS conflicts, and present their permit decision for facilitator and peer review
Day 1 — PTW System Framework, Roles, and Permit Types
1. Introduction to the Permit to Work System
1.1 Regulatory Framework
PTW as the primary administrative control for high-risk non-routine work per ISO 45001:2018 Clause 8.1
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147: Control of Hazardous Energy — written energy control procedures as a mandatory PTW input
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146: Permit-Required Confined Spaces — written entry permit required before entry
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119: Process Safety Management — PTW as a required safe work practice element
HSG250: Guidance on Permit-to-Work Systems — the UK HSE framework for PTW system design and issuer competency
PTW is an administrative control — it supplements, not replaces, engineering controls and isolation
1.2 PTW Roles and Responsibilities
Permit Originator — initiates the work request and defines scope, location, and duration
Internal Permit Issuer — reviews, approves, monitors, suspends, and closes the permit
Performing Authority — the person who receives the permit and is responsible for safe execution
Site Checker — physically verifies site conditions against permit requirements before work starts
Area Authority — responsible for the area where work is performed and concurrent operations
HSE Officer — independent oversight role for high-risk permit categories
The Issuer's authority to refuse or cancel a permit overrides all production pressure
2. Permit Types and Their Requirements
2.1 Hot Work Permit
Hot Work definition — any work producing heat, sparks, or flame including welding, grinding, and cutting
Fire and explosion risk assessment before issuing a Hot Work permit
Atmospheric testing requirement — LEL below 10% before hot work commences in or near flammable areas
Fire watch requirements — trained fire watch stationed during all hot work and for minimum 30 minutes after
Flammable material clearance radius — typically 11 metres from the hot work point
Hot work permit validity — typically limited to one shift with re-assessment required for extension
2.2 Confined Space Entry Permit
Confined space definition per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 — large enough to enter, limited entry and exit, not designed for continuous occupancy
Permit-required confined space — contains or has potential to contain a serious safety or health hazard
Atmospheric testing sequence — oxygen, flammable gas, and toxic gas before entry and continuously during
Acceptable atmospheric conditions — O₂ 19.5–23.5%, LEL below 10%, and toxic gases below OEL
Attendant requirements — dedicated attendant at the entry point at all times during occupancy
Rescue plan requirement — rescue team briefed and equipped before entry permit is issued
Energy isolation and purge verification before issuing the confined space entry permit
2.3 Electrical Isolation, Cold Work, and Excavation Permits
Electrical Isolation Permit — authorizes de-energization, LOTO, and verified absence of voltage before work
Cold Work Permit — authorizes non-ignition-source work in non-hazardous or confirmed safe areas
Excavation Permit — authorizes ground-breaking activities after underground service survey and gas testing
Working at Height Permit — authorizes elevated work above the organization's threshold height
Radiography Permit — authorizes ionizing radiation work with exclusion zone and dose monitoring controls
Permit selection — the Issuer determines which permit type or combination applies to the planned work
Day 2 — Issuer Competency, Hazard Assessment, and SIMOPS
3. Pre-Permit Hazard Assessment
3.1 Job Safety Analysis
Job Safety Analysis — JSA — breaking the task into steps, identifying hazards at each step, and defining controls
JSA review by the Issuer — verifying that all hazards identified in the JSA are reflected in permit conditions
JSA inadequacy — the Issuer must return an incomplete JSA to the Originator for revision before approving
Dynamic risk assessment — re-assessing when site conditions change during the permitted work period
3.2 HIRARC Application
Applying HIRARC — Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control — to every permit review
Hazard identification — physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and energy hazards for the specific task
Risk rating — severity and likelihood matrix to prioritize controls
Control verification — confirming each control measure is in place before signing the permit
Residual risk — confirming residual risk is acceptable before authorizing work to proceed
4. Energy Isolation and Verification
Energy isolation scope per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 — all energy sources including electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, and gravity
Isolation point identification — reviewing the P&ID or single-line diagram to confirm all sources are identified
LOTO application sequence — de-energize, isolate, lock, tag, try, and verify
Group LOTO — lock box management for multi-craft or multi-shift isolation
Blinding and blanking — physical isolation for process pipework before confined space entry or hot work
Issuer site verification — physically confirming isolation is complete before signing the permit
Test before touch — mandatory voltage verification with a rated voltage tester before electrical work
Stored energy release — discharging capacitors, relieving pressure, and draining fluids before access
5. Atmospheric Testing and Environmental Conditions
Gas detector types — catalytic bead LEL detector, electrochemical oxygen sensor, and photoionization — PID — detector for VOCs
Calibration of gas detectors before each use — bump test verification of alarm response
Multi-gas meter use — simultaneous O₂, LEL, CO, and H₂S measurement for confined space assessment
Testing sequence — oxygen first, then flammable gas, then toxic gases
Testing locations — top, middle, and bottom of the confined space to detect stratification
Continuous monitoring during confined space work — alarm set points and evacuation trigger levels
Hot work atmospheric re-testing — required after any break in work or change in site conditions
Environmental conditions assessment — wind direction, temperature, and adjacent process activities
6. Simultaneous Operations — SIMOPS — Management
SIMOPS definition — concurrent work activities that could interact to create a combined hazard
Conflict identification — reviewing all active permits in the same area before issuing a new permit
Typical SIMOPS conflicts — hot work near a confined space entry, lifting over an active work area, and excavation near energized cables
SIMOPS controls — physical separation, sequential scheduling, communication protocol, and additional monitoring
Area Authority coordination — the Issuer must notify the Area Authority of all concurrent permits
Active permit board management — maintaining a visual display of all live permits by area
SIMOPS risk assessment — reassessing when a new permit is added to an area with active permits
Day 3 — Permit Monitoring, Closure, HSE, and Case Studies
7. Permit Monitoring, Suspension, and Cancellation
7.1 Active Permit Monitoring
Issuer site monitoring visits — unannounced checks during the permit period to verify compliance
Monitoring checklist — verifying PPE compliance, exclusion zones, atmospheric readings, and scope adherence
Scope creep identification — stopping work that has extended beyond the authorized scope
Work stoppage authority — the Issuer has unconditional authority to suspend any permit at any time
7.2 Permit Suspension and Cancellation
Permit suspension triggers — changed site conditions, atmospheric alarm, adjacent incident, or PPE non-compliance
Suspension procedure — notify the Performing Authority, secure the work area, and re-assess before resuming
Permit cancellation — permanent termination when the hazard cannot be controlled or scope has changed
Re-issue requirement — a new permit is required after cancellation, not a reactivation of the cancelled permit
Permit extension — requires Issuer re-assessment and re-signature, not automatic continuation
8. Permit Closure and Handback
Work completion confirmation — Performing Authority certifies all work is complete and the area is clear
Site reinstatement check — the Issuer verifies the site is returned to a clean, safe, and operational condition
Isolation removal sequence — LOTO removal in reverse sequence under Issuer oversight
Re-energization authorization — Issuer confirms all personnel are clear before authorizing re-energization
Permit closure signature — both Issuer and Performing Authority sign to formally close the permit
Closed permit archiving — retaining closed permits per ISO 9001 and regulatory record retention requirements
Handback to operations — formal notification to the Area Authority that the plant is returned to operational control
9. HSE and Quality Management Integration
PTW as a documented process per ISO 45001:2018 Clause 8.1 — auditable, version-controlled, and reviewed
PTW system audit — internal audit of permit compliance, closure quality, and Issuer competency records
Nonconformance management per ISO 9001 Clause 10.2 — raising NCRs for permit deviations and near misses
PTW KPIs as leading safety indicators — open permit count, overdue closures, and permit deviation rate
Issuer authorization records per ISO 9001 — authorization date, scope, renewal date, and refresher requirement
Applying PDCA — Plan-Do-Check-Act to continuously improve the PTW system
10. Case Studies and Group Discussions
Case studies from PTW failures in Middle East oil and gas, petrochemical, and construction environments including (confined space fatality from incomplete atmospheric testing, hot work explosion from unidentified flammable gas source, and LOTO failure from multi-energy source not captured in the isolation scheme) and the importance of proper Internal Issuer training in preventing permit system failures
Group discussion on PTW challenges in regional environments including (managing SIMOPS during large-scale GCC petrochemical turnarounds, maintaining permit quality under production pressure, and enforcing permit conditions across multilingual contractor workforces)
Integrated permit exercise — teams review a presented high-risk work scenario, conduct a JSA and HIRARC, complete a full permit for the applicable type, identify SIMOPS conflicts, and present their permit decision for facilitator and peer review
Group Exercises
SIMOPS planning workshop — teams receive a presented plant area with five concurrent permits and identify all conflicts, develop controls for each, and produce a SIMOPS management plan for facilitator review
PTW failure investigation exercise — groups apply RCA to a presented confined space incident caused by a permit system failure, identify root causes across Issuer competency, isolation completeness, and atmospheric testing, and develop a corrective action plan
Gained Core Technical Skills
Ability to apply ISO 45001:2018, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146, 1910.147, and HSG250 as the legal basis for PTW Issuer authority
Proficiency in selecting the correct permit type for any described work scenario and identifying when multiple permits are required
Competency in reviewing JSA and applying HIRARC to verify all hazards and controls are captured before approving a permit
Skill in verifying complete energy isolation per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 — including all energy types, LOTO application, stored energy release, and test-before-touch
Ability to verify atmospheric testing results for confined space and hot work permits against acceptance criteria
Proficiency in identifying SIMOPS conflicts across concurrent permits and developing controls to manage combined risk
Competency in conducting permit monitoring site visits, identifying scope deviations, and applying permit suspension authority
Skill in completing permit closure — site reinstatement check, isolation removal, re-energization authorization, and closed permit archiving
Ability to apply RCA to PTW failures and permit deviations — identifying systemic root causes and developing corrective actions that strengthen the PTW system
Services Geographical Coverage
In Tamkene Training Center or at our client's facility (On-Site), Covering All Saudi Arabia Cities and Locations:
Targeted Audience
Operations supervisors and area authorities nominated for Internal Permit Issuer authorization
Maintenance supervisors responsible for authorizing and overseeing high-risk maintenance activities
HSE officers responsible for auditing PTW compliance and managing permit system quality
Shift supervisors and control room operators who issue and monitor permits during operational shifts
Engineering and project personnel responsible for issuing permits during construction, commissioning, and turnaround phases
Any professional designated as an Internal Permit Issuer who requires formal authorization training to fulfill the role
Practical Assessment
Permit completion exercise — completing a full Hot Work and Confined Space Entry permit for a presented scenario, including JSA review, isolation verification, atmospheric testing requirements, and SIMOPS identification
Isolation scheme verification exercise — reviewing a presented P&ID isolation scheme for a maintenance task, identifying any missing isolation points, and confirming the LOTO sequence is complete
Permit monitoring and closure exercise — conducting a simulated monitoring visit against a presented active permit scenario, identifying a scope deviation, applying the suspension procedure, and completing the permit closure record
Knowledge Assessment
Regulatory questions per ISO 45001:2018, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146, 1910.147, and HSG250 — PTW as an administrative control, confined space entry permit triggers, LOTO written procedure requirement, and Issuer authority basis
Permit type and atmospheric testing questions — acceptable O₂ range for confined space entry, LEL threshold for hot work, multi-gas meter testing sequence, and fire watch duration after hot work cessation
SIMOPS and isolation questions — SIMOPS conflict identification from a described scenario, LOTO try step purpose, stored energy release requirement, and test-before-touch obligation
Monitoring and closure questions — permit suspension trigger identification, re-issue requirement after cancellation, site reinstatement check content, and closed permit retention obligation per ISO 9001
Why Choose This Course
Aligned with ISO 45001:2018, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119, HSG250, and ISO 9001
Develops the complete Internal Issuer competency — review, approval, monitoring, suspension, and closure — not just permit form completion
Atmospheric testing requirements, acceptable limits, and detector calibration are addressed with technical precision for all permit types
SIMOPS identification and management is practiced as a dedicated competency — the most complex and highest-consequence Issuer responsibility on multi-contractor sites
Permit suspension and cancellation authority is taught as a non-negotiable power — developing Issuers who exercise it without hesitation when site conditions require
Incorporates Middle East PTW challenges including SIMOPS management during GCC petrochemical turnarounds, multilingual contractor permit compliance, and maintaining Issuer authorization standards under production schedule pressure
Note: This course outline, including specific topics, modules, and duration, can be customized based on the specific needs and requirements of the client.
.webp)
Recommended Courses
.webp)
Suggested Questions
.webp)
The training I received from Tamkene was truly exceptional.
Dalal AlSaeed
.webp)
Choosing Tamkene for our professional development was a game-changer.
Wafi AlZayer
.webp)
Tamkene delivered quality training with a strong focus on standards. The organization and delivery exceeded our expectations.
Saad AlMisehal
Testimonial