Course Title

1. Introduction to Radiation Safety

• Overview of ionizing radiation and its naturally occurring and artificial sources including (cosmic radiation, terrestrial radiation, medical X-ray equipment, and industrial radiography sources)

• Applicable international standards and regulatory framework including (IAEA GSR Part 3, IAEA GSG-7: Occupational Radiation Protection, and national regulatory authority requirements)

• Roles and responsibilities in workplace radiation protection including (Radiation Protection Officer — RPO, workers, employers, and regulatory authority obligations)

• Overview of radiation-related incidents and their consequences including (occupational overexposure cases, source loss events, and lessons from historical radiological accidents)

• The importance of radiation safety culture including (management commitment, worker engagement, and continuous improvement in protection programs)

2. Fundamentals of Ionizing Radiation

• Types of ionizing radiation and their characteristics including (alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, X-rays, and neutron radiation)

• Radiation interaction with matter and biological tissue including (ionization mechanisms, penetration depths, and deterministic versus stochastic health effects)

• Radiation quantities and units including (activity in Becquerels — Bq, absorbed dose in Gray — Gy, equivalent dose in Sievert — Sv, and effective dose calculations)

• Occupational dose limits and exposure constraints in accordance with IAEA GSR Part 3 including (annual effective dose limits for workers, lens of the eye dose limits, and skin dose constraints)

• Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) and Technologically Enhanced NORM (TENORM) including (common industrial NORM sources, exposure pathways, and regulatory classification)

3. Radiation Protection Principles and Controls

• The ALARA principle and its practical application in the workplace including (optimization of protection, dose constraint setting, and cost-benefit analysis of protective measures)

• The three pillars of radiation protection including (time — minimizing exposure duration, distance — applying the inverse square law, and shielding — selecting appropriate shielding materials for each radiation type)

• Radiation controlled area and supervised area designation including (boundary determination criteria, access control requirements, and signage and demarcation standards)

• Personal protective equipment for radiation work including (lead aprons, thyroid shields, leaded gloves, face shields, and respiratory protection for airborne radioactive contamination)

• Administrative controls in radiation protection programs including (work planning, dose budgeting, written procedures, and authorization-to-work systems for radiation work)

4. Radiation Monitoring and Dose Assessment

• Types of personal dosimetry and their correct use including (Thermoluminescent Dosimeters — TLD, Electronic Personal Dosimeters — EPD, and film badges)

• Area radiation monitoring equipment and operation including (Geiger-Müller counters, ionization chambers, scintillation detectors, and contamination survey meters)

• Workplace monitoring program requirements in accordance with IAEA GSG-7 including (routine survey frequency, trigger levels, and monitoring record documentation)

• Internal dose assessment and bioassay methods including (inhalation and ingestion pathway evaluation, whole-body counting, and urinalysis for radionuclide intakes)

• Dose record management and regulatory reporting including (individual dose record maintenance, dose history review, and overexposure notification procedures)

5. Safe Handling and Storage of Radioactive Sources

• Classification of radioactive sources by activity and hazard level including (exempt sources, low-activity sealed sources, high-activity sources, and category 1–5 source classification under IAEA security guidance)

• Safe handling procedures for sealed and unsealed radioactive sources under supervision including (remote handling tools, source containers, transfer procedures, and contamination prevention measures)

• Radioactive material labeling, packaging, and transport requirements including (UN packaging standards, radiation transport index — TI determination, and transport documentation requirements)

• Radioactive source storage requirements including (shielded storage facility design, inventory control, physical security measures, and periodic source accountability checks)

• Radioactive waste classification and management including (exempt waste, low-level waste, and intermediate-level waste handling, segregation, and regulatory disposal requirements)

6. Radiological Emergency Response

• Types of radiological emergencies and their recognition including (sealed source loss or theft, unsealed source spill, accidental overexposure, and contamination spread events)

• Initial response actions for radiological incidents including (evacuating the area, preventing spread of contamination, notifying the Radiation Protection Officer, and isolating the affected zone)

• Contamination control and decontamination procedures including (personnel contamination survey, skin and wound decontamination, and equipment and surface decontamination methods)

• Radiological emergency notification and reporting obligations including (internal escalation procedures, regulatory authority notification timelines, and emergency services coordination)

• Post-incident dose assessment and medical follow-up including (emergency dosimetry, biological dosimetry for high-dose events, and long-term health surveillance requirements)

7. HSE, Quality, and Case Studies

• Integration of radiation safety within the organizational Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) management system including (radiation protection programs, permit-to-work systems for radiation work, and incident reporting procedures)

• Quality assurance in radiation protection programs including (calibration of monitoring equipment, dosimetry audit programs, and documentation and record management in accordance with IAEA GSG-7)

• Application of HIRARC methodology to radiation work activities including (pre-task radiation risk assessment, exposure scenario analysis, and control hierarchy determination)

• Case studies from radiological incidents in Middle East industrial and medical environments including (NORM exposure in oil and gas operations, industrial radiography source incidents, and medical facility radiation safety failures) and the importance of proper radiation safety training in preventing occupational overexposure and regulatory violations

• Group discussion on lessons learned from radiological incident investigations including (root cause findings, corrective actions implemented, and improvements to workplace radiation protection programs)