Reservoir Engineering Training Course

1. Introduction to Reservoir Engineering

Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering

• Overview of petroleum reservoir systems and their classifications including (conventional vs. unconventional reservoirs, sandstone vs. carbonate reservoirs)

• Porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation concepts including (absolute, effective, and relative permeability measurements)

• Rock and fluid properties interaction including (wettability, capillary pressure, and interfacial tension)

• Reservoir drive mechanisms including (solution gas drive, gas cap drive, water drive, combination drive)

• Introduction to API RP 13D for fluid flow in porous media

Reservoir Rock Properties

• Core analysis techniques and interpretation including (routine and special core analysis)

• Petrophysical property determination from logs including (porosity from density and neutron logs, water saturation from resistivity logs)

• Rock typing and hydraulic flow units including (Winland R35, Flow Zone Indicator, Lorenz plots)

• Heterogeneity and anisotropy effects including (vertical to horizontal permeability ratio, directional permeability)

2. Reservoir Fluid Properties

PVT Analysis and Phase Behavior

• Fluid sampling techniques and quality control including (bottomhole vs. surface sampling, sample validation methods)

• Black oil versus compositional fluid characterization including (formation volume factors, solution gas-oil ratio, compressibility)

• Phase diagrams and fluid classification including (dry gas, wet gas, gas condensate, volatile oil, black oil)

• PVT laboratory tests and data analysis including (differential liberation, constant composition expansion, separator tests)

• Equation of state modeling including (Peng-Robinson, Soave-Redlich-Kwong)

Fluid Flow in Porous Media

• Darcy's law and its applications including (single-phase flow, multiphase flow)

• Relative permeability and capillary pressure relationships including (drainage and imbibition curves, hysteresis effects)

• Buckley-Leverett theory and frontal advance including (fractional flow, shock front development)

• Mobility and mobility ratio concepts including (mobility control in water flooding)

3. Well Testing and Production Analysis

Pressure Transient Analysis

• Diffusivity equation and solutions including (radial flow equation, superposition principle)

• Pressure buildup and drawdown analysis including (Horner plots, MDH plots)

• Well test design and execution including (test duration, rate selection, and gauge selection)

• Diagnostic plots and flow regime identification including (log-log derivative plots, specialized plots)

• Boundary dominated flow and reservoir limits testing including (sealing faults, constant pressure boundaries)

Production Analysis

• Decline curve analysis including (exponential, harmonic, hyperbolic)

• Rate transient analysis including (flowing material balance, dynamic material balance)

• Production forecasting methods including (type curves, analytical models)

• Well productivity and inflow performance including (PI, IPR curves, nodal analysis)

• SPE guidelines for production forecasting and reserves estimation

4. Material Balance and Volumetric Methods

Volumetric Calculations

• Original hydrocarbons in place estimation including (deterministic vs. probabilistic approaches)

• Uncertainty analysis in volumetric calculations including (Monte Carlo simulation, sensitivity analysis)

• Net pay determination and cutoffs including (porosity cutoffs, permeability cutoffs, water saturation cutoffs)

• Reservoir mapping techniques including (isopach maps, structural maps, property distribution maps)

Material Balance Applications

• General material balance equation and its derivations including (oil reservoirs, gas reservoirs, gas condensate reservoirs)

• Drive mechanism identification including (drive index calculation, Cole plots)

• Water influx models including (Fetkovich, Carter-Tracy, van Everdingen-Hurst)

• Gas material balance and p/z analysis including (gas cap expansion, water influx effects)

• Material balance in unconventional reservoirs including (shale gas, tight oil)

5. Reservoir Simulation

Simulation Fundamentals

• Types of reservoir simulation models including (black oil, compositional, thermal, dual porosity)

• Discretization methods and grid systems including (Cartesian, corner point, unstructured grids)

• Numerical methods in reservoir simulation including (IMPES, fully implicit, sequential)

• Initialization and history matching including (pressure matching, production matching, saturation matching)

• Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis including (Monte Carlo simulation, experimental design)

Advanced Simulation Techniques

• Upscaling methods including (permeability upscaling, pseudo-relative permeability)

• Streamline simulation including (time of flight, flow visualization)

• Modeling fractures and faults including (discrete fracture models, dual porosity models)

• Coupled reservoir-geomechanical models including (compaction, subsidence, fault reactivation)

• Assisted history matching including (proxy models, optimization algorithms)

6. Enhanced Oil Recovery and IOR Techniques

Recovery Mechanisms

• Microscopic displacement efficiency including (capillary number effects, interfacial tension reduction)

• Macroscopic sweep efficiency including (mobility control, profile modification)

• Residual oil saturation and recovery factor including (trapped oil, by-passed oil)

• Screening criteria for EOR methods including (reservoir characteristics, fluid properties, economic factors)

EOR Methods

• Water flooding design and optimization including (pattern selection, injection rates, water quality)

• Gas injection processes including (miscible, immiscible, WAG, SWAG)

• Chemical EOR including (polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, alkaline flooding, ASP)

• Thermal recovery methods including (steam flooding, cyclic steam stimulation, SAGD)

• Novel and emerging EOR technologies including (nanoparticles, smart water, microbial EOR)

7. Field Development Planning

Development Strategies

• Greenfield versus brownfield development including (exploration risk, infrastructure constraints)

• Integrated reservoir studies including (multidisciplinary teams, workflow integration)

• Development plan optimization including (well count, spacing, phasing)

• Uncertainty management in field development including (decision trees, value of information)

• Reserves classification and reporting including (SPE-PRMS guidelines)

Economic Analysis

• Economic indicators for project evaluation including (NPV, IRR, payback period)

• Risk analysis in economic evaluations including (tornado diagrams, spider plots)

• Production sharing agreements and fiscal regimes including (royalties, taxes, cost recovery)

• Decision analysis under uncertainty including (expected monetary value, decision trees)

8. HSE in Reservoir Engineering

• Risk assessment and management in reservoir operations including (HAZID, HAZOP)

• Environmental considerations in reservoir management including (water management, carbon footprint)

• Wellbore integrity and zonal isolation including (sustained casing pressure, gas migration)

• Regulations and compliance requirements including (regional environmental standards, reporting requirements)

9. Quality Management in Reservoir Engineering

• Data quality control and assurance including (outlier detection, data reconciliation)

• Uncertainty quantification including (confidence intervals, P10-P50-P90 estimates)

• Standardized workflows and procedures including (data gathering protocols, reporting formats)

• Documentation and knowledge management including (lessons learned, best practices)

10. Case Studies & Group Discussions

• Regional case studies from Middle East reservoirs including (carbonate reservoirs, naturally fractured reservoirs)

• Field development optimization including (well placement, EOR implementation)

• Production optimization challenges and solutions including (water management, gas handling)

• Economic evaluation of development alternatives including (phased development, accelerated production)

• The importance of proper training in successful reservoir management projects